| [Table 2] Template for white papers for crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens | |||||
| Template for white papers for crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens [abstract] | |||||
| General information | |||||
| 00 Table of content | boolean true | ||||
| 01 Date of notification | date | ||||
| 02 Statement in accordance with Article 6(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | ||||
| 03 Compliance statement in accordance with Article 6(6) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | ||||
| 04 Statement in accordance with Article 6(5), points (a), (b), (c), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | ||||
| 05 Statement in accordance with Article 6(5), point (d), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | ||||
| 06 Statement in accordance with Article 6(5), points (e) and (f), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | ||||
| SUMMARY | |||||
| 07 Warning in accordance with Article 6(7), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | This summary should be read as an introduction to the crypto-asset white paper. The prospective holder should base any decision to purchase this crypto –asset on the content of the crypto-asset white paper as a whole and not on the summary alone. The offer to the public of this crypto-asset does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase financial instruments and any such offer or solicitation can be made only by means of a prospectus or other offer documents pursuant to the applicable national law. This crypto-asset white paper does not constitute a prospectus as referred to in Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 of the European Parliament and of the Council or any other offer document pursuant to Union or national law. |
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| 08 Characteristics of the crypto-asset | textBlock | The Token is natively issued on Ethereum pursuant to the ERC-20 standard. Bridging of the Token is facilitated through canonical bridging mechanisms that lock the Token on Ethereum and mint a corre-sponding representation on the Network. The Token is an upgrade of MATIC, a token that served as the native token of the Network until Sep-tember 2024, when MATIC became convertible 1:1 to POL on the Network and became the native gas and staking token for the Network. The Token was launched with an initial supply of 10 billion units and is subject to an annual compound-ing emission mechanism ("Emission Rate") the managed through the decentralized governance of validators (see below). Emissions are administered by the EmissionManager contract, having exclusive authority over new Token mints, as constrained by a hardcoded mintPerSecondCap. Newly minted Tokens are allocated to serve as Validator Rewards (see below) and for community growth. As of the date of this White Paper, the Emission Rate is set at 2% per annum, resulting in a total supply of ap-proximately 10.5 billion units. The Token grants access to the following functionalities in relation to the Network: - Gas Functionality: The Token serves to pay for the gas on the Network; - Validator Staking Functionality: Tokens can be staked on the Network to act as a validator, thereby contributing to the Network consensus mechanism, and verifying transactions in ex-change for rewards ("Validator Rewards"). Network validators are also responsible for voting on proposed upgrades and modifications to the Network protocol, with the implementation of such changes being contingent upon validator approval. The validators may thus adopt Network upgrades that modify or extend the functionalities as-sociated with the Token. Any such upgrades are outside the control and responsibility of the Company and the Issuer. - Delegated Staking Functionality: Token holders may delegate their Tokens to other partici-pants who act as validators, rather than directly joining the Network in those roles them-selves, while still benefiting from the Validator Rewards generated by the participants to whom they have delegated. All the above functionalities are purely technical and do not confer any rights against any entity nor impose any obligations on Token holders in a legal sense. All the above functionalities are made available on an "as is" basis. The Token qualifies as a crypto-asset other than e-money token and asset-reference token, and specifically a utility token, under Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2023 on markets in crypto-assets ("MiCAR"). |
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| 09 Further information about utility tokens | textBlock | The Tokens to be admitted to trading are freely transferable. |
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| 10 Key information about the offer to the public or admission to trading | textBlock | The Token has also been trading on the following Trading Platforms in the EU since September 2024 (each of which had previously admitted MATIC to trading): Coinbase, Crypto.com, and Kraken. Additional listings are sought but were not yet confirmed. The up-to-date list of confirmed and available Trading Platforms will be maintained on the Company's website. In seeking admission to trading, the Company complies with its obligations under article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114. |
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| Part A - Information about offeror or person seeking admission to trading | |||||
| A.1 Name | text | ||||
| A.2 Legal form | text | ||||
| A.3 Registered address | |||||
| Registered addess | text | ||||
| Country | enumeration | ||||
| Sub-division | text | ||||
| A.4 Head office | |||||
| Head office | text | ||||
| Country | enumeration | ||||
| Sub-division | text | ||||
| A.5 Registration date | date | ||||
| A.6 Legal entity identifier | LEI | ||||
| A.7 Another identifier required pursuant to applicable national law | text | ||||
| A.8 Contact telephone number | text | ||||
| A.9 E-mail address | text | ||||
| A.10 Response time (days) | integer | ||||
| A.11 Parent company | text | ||||
| A.12 Members of the management body | |||||
| Member #1 | id | 1 | |||
| Identity | text | ||||
| Business address | text | 6300 Zug CH-ZG CH |
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| Function | text | ||||
| A.13 Business activity | textBlock | ||||
| A.14 Parent company business activity | textBlock | ||||
| A.15 Newly established | boolean | ||||
| A.16 Financial condition for the past three years | textBlock | ||||
| A.17 Financial condition since registration | textBlock | Sufficiency of Financial Resources. Given the above, the Company possesses sufficient financial resources to support its activities, and, at present, it does not face material financial risks or uncertainties that would affect its financial viability. |
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| Part B - Information about issuer, if different from offeror or person seeking admission to trading | |||||
| B.1 Issuer different from offerror or person seeking admission to trading | boolean | ||||
| B.2 Name | text | ||||
| B.3 Legal form | text | ||||
| B.4 Registered address | |||||
| Registered addess | text | Craigmuir Chambers Road Town Tortola VG1110 VG |
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| Country | enumeration | ||||
| Sub-division | text | ||||
| B.5 Head office | |||||
| Head office | text | ||||
| Country | enumeration | ||||
| Sub-division | text | ||||
| B.6 Registration date | date | ||||
| B.7 Legal entity identifier | LEI | ||||
| B.8 Another identifier required pursuant to applicable national law | text | ||||
| B.9 Parent company | text | ||||
| B.10 Members of the management body | |||||
| Member #1 | id | 1 | |||
| Identity | text | ||||
| Business address | text | Craigmuir Chambers Road Town Tortola VG1110 VG |
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| Function | text | ||||
| B.11 Business activity | textBlock | ||||
| B.12 Parent company business activity | textBlock | ||||
| Part C - Information about the operator of the trading platform in cases where it draws up the crypto-asset white paper and information about other persons drawing the crypto-asset white paper pursuant to Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | |||||
| C.1 Name | N/A | . | |||
| C.2 Legal form | N/A | . | |||
| C.3 Registered address | |||||
| Registered address | N/A | . | |||
| Country | N/A | . | |||
| Sub-division | N/A | . | |||
| C.4 Head office | |||||
| Head office | N/A | . | |||
| Country | N/A | . | |||
| Sub-division | N/A | . | |||
| C.5 Registration date | N/A | . | |||
| C.6 Legal entity identifier | N/A | . | |||
| C.7 Another identifier required pursuant to applicable national law | N/A | . | |||
| C.8 Parent company | N/A | . | |||
| C.9 Reason for crypto-asset white paper preparation | N/A | . | |||
| C.10 Members of the management body | |||||
| Member #1 | N/A | . | |||
| Identity | N/A | . | |||
| Business address | N/A | . | |||
| Function | N/A | . | |||
| C.11 Operator business activity | N/A | . | |||
| C.12 Parent company business activity | N/A | . | |||
| C.13 Other persons drawing up the crypto-asset white paper according to Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | N/A | . | |||
| C.14 Reason for drawing the white paper by persons referred to in Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | N/A | . | |||
| Part D - Information about other token project | |||||
| D.1 Crypto-asset project name | text | ||||
| D.2 Crypto-asset name | text | ||||
| D.3 Abbreviation | text | ||||
| D.4 Crypto-asset project description | textBlock | The Network is thus a core component of the broader Polygon ecosystem whose components support scalable, interoperable, and resilient decentralized applications across a broad range of use cases. The Network is not owned, operated or controlled by the Company, the Issuer or any other entity¨. |
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| D.5 Details of all natural or legal persons involved in implementation of crypto-asset project | |||||
| Person #1 | id | 1 | |||
| Type of person | enumeration | ||||
| Name of person | text | ||||
| Business address of person | text | Dragonara Road, Paceville St Julian's STJ 3141 Malta |
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| Domicile of company | enumeration | ||||
| Person #2 | id | 2 | |||
| Type of person | enumeration | ||||
| Name of person | text | ||||
| Business address of person | text | San Francisco CA, 94103 United States |
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| Domicile of company | enumeration | ||||
| D.6 Utility token classification | boolean | ||||
| D.7 Key features of goods or services for utility token projects | text | All the above functionalities are purely technical and do not confer any rights against any entity nor impose any obligations on Token holders in a legal sense. All the above functionalities are made available on an "as is" basis. The quantity and quality of each functionality is determined respectively, by the circulating supply of the Token available for effective use and the overall state of the Network. As the Network evolves and engagement therewith too, both factors will be shaped by effective Network participants at any given time and overall Network development, making them currently unquantifiable |
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| D.8 Plans for the token | |||||
| Description of past milestones | textBlock | - Network testnet launch: the original Matic Network public testnet ("Counter Stake") went live in June 2019; - Network mainnet launch: The core Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mainnet (validator-managed) launched in May 2020, initially launched as "mainnet beta," opening staking, validator operations, and the production PoS bridge; - Token Launch Event: MATIC was publicly launched on April 24, 2019 through Binance Launchpad, which established the initial circulating MATIC supply; - MATIC to POL upgrade: The upgrade from MATIC to POL went live in September, 2024 |
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| Description of future milestones | textBlock | ||||
| D.9 Resource allocation | text | ||||
| D.10 Planned use of collected funds or other tokens | text | ||||
| Part E - Information about offer to public of other tokens or their admission to trading | |||||
| E.1 Public offering or admission to trading | enumeration | ||||
| E.2 Reasons for public offer or admission to trading | textBlock | ||||
| E.3 Fundraising target | |||||
| Target expressed in currency | monetary | EUR | |||
| Target expressed in units | decimal | ||||
| Target expressed in digital token identifier | text | ||||
| E.4 Minimum subscription goals | |||||
| Goals expressed in currency | monetary | EUR | |||
| Goals expressed in units | decimal | ||||
| Goals expressed in digital token identifier | text | ||||
| E.5 Maximum subscription goals | |||||
| Goasl expressed in currency | monetary | EUR | |||
| Goals expressed in units | decimal | ||||
| Goals expressed in digital token identifier | text | ||||
| E.6 Oversubscription acceptance | boolean | ||||
| E.7 Oversubscription allocation | text | ||||
| Issue price details | |||||
| E.8 Issue price | decimal | ||||
| E.9 Official currency determining issue price | enumeration | ||||
| E.9 Any other tokens determining issue price | text | ||||
| E.10 Subscription fee | |||||
| Fee expressed in currency | monetary | EUR | |||
| Fee expressed in units | decimal | ||||
| Fee expressed in digital token identifier | text | ||||
| E.11 Offer price determination method | text | ||||
| E.12 Total number of offered or traded other tokens | integer | ||||
| E.13 Targeted holders | enumeration | ||||
| E.14 Holder restrictions | text | The Trading Platforms in accordance with applicable laws, including applicable international sanctions, and internal policies may impose restrictions on buyers and sellers of Tokens. Such restrictions are not implemented by the Company. |
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| E.15 Reimbursement notice | boolean true | ||||
| E.16 Refund mechanism | textBlock | ||||
| E.17 Refund timeline | text | ||||
| E.18 Offer phases | textBlock | ||||
| E.19 Early purchase discount | textBlock | ||||
| E.20 Time-limited offer | boolean | ||||
| E.21 Subscription period beginning | date | ||||
| E.22 Subscription period end | date | ||||
| E.23 Safeguarding arrangements for offered funds or other tokens | textBlock | ||||
| E.24 Payment methods for other token purchase | textBlock | ||||
| E.25 Value transfer methods for reimbursement | textBlock | ||||
| E.26 Right of withdrawal | textBlock | ||||
| E.27 Transfer of purchased other tokens | textBlock | The Company bears no responsibility for any transfers of the Token between market participants on the Trading Platforms. |
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| E.28 Transfer time schedule | text | The Company has no control over the timing of such transfers. |
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| E.29 Purchaser's technical requirements | textBlock | ▪ A device (computer or mobile) to manage digital wallet/private key and/or account on exchange to carry out transactions. ▪ A compatible digital wallet or account on the Trading Platform; and ▪ Internet access. |
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| Other token services provider characteristics | |||||
| E.30 Other token service provider (CASP) name | text | ||||
| E.31 CASP identifier | LEI | ||||
| E.32 Placement form | enumeration | ||||
| Trading platforms characteristics | |||||
| E.33 Trading platforms name | text | Additional listings are sought but were not yet confirmed. The up-to-date list of confirmed and available Trading Platforms will be maintained on the Company's website. |
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| E.34 Trading platforms market identifier code (MIC) | text | ||||
| E.35 Trading platforms access | text | ||||
| E.36 Involved costs | textBlock | ||||
| E.37 Offer expenses | textBlock | ||||
| E.38 Conflicts of interest | textBlock | ||||
| E.39 Applicable law | textBlock | ||||
| E.40 Competent court | textBlock | The arbitral proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the Swiss Rules of International Arbitration of the Swiss Arbitration Centre in force on the date on which the Notice of Arbitration is submit-ted in accordance with those Rules. The number of arbitrators shall be three. The seat of the arbitration shall be Zürich, Switzerland. The arbitral proceedings shall be conducted in English. A respective arbitral award may only be challenged before the Swiss Supreme Court on the limited grounds as provided in Article 190 para. 2 Swiss Private International Law Act, i.e. (i) improper constitution of the arbitral tribunal; (ii) incorrect decision on jurisdiction; (iii) award beyond the claims submitted or failing to decide all claims submitted; (iv) violation of a party's right to be heard or of its right to equal treatment; and (v) incompatibility of the award with public policy. |
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| Part F - Information about other tokens | |||||
| F.1 Crypto-asset type | text | ||||
| F.2 Other token functionality | textBlock | -Gas Functionality: The Token serves to pay for the gas required to transact on the Network; -Validator Staking Functionality: Tokens can be staked to join the Network as a validator, thereby contributing to its consensus mechanism, therefore verifying and assembling trans-actions into blocks in exchange for rewards ("Validator Rewards"). Network validators are also responsible for voting on proposed upgrades and modifications to the Network protocol, with the implementation of such changes being contingent upon validator approval. The validators may thus adopt Network upgrades that modify or extend the functionalities as-sociated with the Token. Any such upgrades are outside the control and responsibility of the Company and the Issuer. -Delegated Staking Functionality: Token holders may delegate their Tokens to other partici-pants who act as validators, rather than directly joining the Network in those roles them-selves, while still benefiting from the Validator Rewards generated by the participants to whom they have delegated. All the above functionalities are purely technical and do not confer any rights against any entity nor impose any obligations on Token holders in a legal sense. All the above functionalities are made available on an "as is" basis. |
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| F.3 Planned application of functionalities | textBlock | ||||
| A description of the characteristics of the other token, including the data necessary for classification of the crypto-asset white paper in the register referred to in Article 109 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, as specified in accordance with paragraph 8 of that Article | |||||
| F.4 Type of crypto-asset white paper | enumeration | ||||
| F.5 Type of submission | enumeration | ||||
| F.6 Other token characteristics | textBlock | - Initial supply of 10 billion units, with annual automated emissions for Staking Rewards and community growth (see Section G.12) - Token issued as a utility token of the Network with the functionalities described under Section F.2. - Token does not carry any legally enforceable rights or entitlements against the issuer (see Section G.1). |
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| F.7 Commercial name or trading name | text | ||||
| F.8 Website of the issuer | text | ||||
| F.9 Starting date of offer to the public or admission to trading | date | ||||
| F.10 Publication date | date | ||||
| F.11 Any other services provided by the issuer | textBlock | ||||
| F.12 Language or languages of white paper | text | ||||
| F.13 Digital token identifier code used to uniquely identify the crypto-asset or each of the several crypto assets to which the white paper relates, where available | text | ||||
| F.14 Functionally fungible group digital token identifier, where available | text | ||||
| F.15 Voluntary data flag | boolean | ||||
| F.16 Personal data flag | boolean | ||||
| F.17 LEI eligibility | boolean | ||||
| F.18 Home member state | enumeration | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #1 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #2 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #3 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #4 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #5 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #6 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #7 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #8 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #9 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #10 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #11 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #12 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #13 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #14 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #15 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #16 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #17 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #18 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #19 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #20 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #21 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #22 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #23 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #24 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #25 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #26 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #27 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #28 | |||||
| F.19 Host member states #29 | enumerationSet | ||||
| Part G - Information on rights and obligations attached to other tokens | |||||
| G.1 Purchaser rights and obligations | textBlock | The Company, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable laws, disclaims all warranties, whether ex-press or implied, in relation to the Token and its functionality, as well as the Network. This includes, but is not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. |
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| G.2 Exercise of rights and obligations | textBlock | ||||
| G.3 Conditions for modifications of rights and obligations | textBlock | ||||
| G.4 Future public offers | textBlock | ||||
| G.5 Issuer retained other token | integer | ||||
| G.6 Utility token classification | boolean | ||||
| G.7 Key features of goods or services utility tokens | text | The quantity and quality of each functionality is determined respectively, by the circulating supply of the Token available for effective use and the overall state of the Network. As the Network evolves and engagement therewith too, both factors will be shaped by effective Network participants at any given time and overall Network development, making them currently unquantifiable |
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| G.8 Utility tokens redemption | text | In case of Network issues, Tokens may not be usable and effectively become irredeemable. No fiduciary redemption exists, a User cannot redeem Tokens with the Issuer, the Company or any other entity, for money or other assets. |
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| G.9 Non-trading request | boolean | ||||
| G.10 Other tokens purchase or sale modalities | text | ||||
| G.11 Other tokens transfer restrictions | text | ||||
| G.12 Supply adjustment protocols | boolean | ||||
| G.13 Supply adjustment mechanisms | text | Validators may thus modify the Token supply. Any such changes are outside the control and responsi-bility of the Company and the Issue. |
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| Other token schemes details | |||||
| G.14 Token value protection schemes | boolean | ||||
| G.15 Token value protection schemes description | textBlock | ||||
| G.16 Compensation schemes | boolean | ||||
| G.17 Compensation schemes description | textBlock | ||||
| G.18 Applicable law | textBlock | ||||
| G.19 Competent court | textBlock | The number of arbitrators shall be one. The seat of the arbitration shall be the British Virgin Islands. The arbitral proceedings shall be conducted in English. Any action that may not be submitted to arbitration under applicable law will be tried by a court of com-petent jurisdiction located in the British Virgin Islands, and the Parties submit to the jurisdiction of the British Virgin Islands for this limited purpose. |
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| Part H – Information on underlying technology | |||||
| H.1 Distributed ledger technology (DTL) | text | Distributed Ledger Technology ("DLT") describes a decentralized and distributed Network system ar-chitecture where multiple participants maintain and verify a shared database. Unlike traditional data-bases, DLT systems do not rely on a central authority to ensure data consistency and security. Rather, they distribute control across a Network of computers (nodes) and require all changes to be recorded and agreed by the nodes. This distributed approach enhances the resilience and security of such a system, and transparency of the data stored in it without the need for trust between the actors of the systems. Blockchain technology is a subset of DLT, where the distributed database maintains a continuously growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked together in chronological order and secured us-ing cryptographic techniques. A blockchain generally has the following key characteristics: - Security: A blockchain employs advanced cryptographic methods to secure data. Each block contains a cryptographic hash (a "digital fingerprint") of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. - Consensus: Blockchains rely on a predefined consensus mechanism establishing how new blocks, and the transactions included therein, are approved by nodes. - Immutability: once data is recorded in a block, it cannot be deleted nor altered retroactively without also changing all subsequent blocks, which would require consensus from most of the nodes. - Transparency: Transactions on a blockchain are usually visible to all, thereby providing trans-parency. Private blockchains, without or with limited transparency, however, do also exist. - Accessibility: Blockchains are usually permissionless, thus accessible to all, whether to act as a node or to submit transactions to be recorded thereon. Permissioned blockchains, with lim-ited accessibility for nodes and/or users, however, do also exist. About Ethereum The Token is issued on the Ethereum permissionless public blockchain. Ethereum aims to provide a decentralized, secure, and scalable Company for financial services, digital identity, supply chains, and other real-world use cases. Ethereum benefits from widespread adoption and has constant on-chain activity. Launched in 2015, Ethereum introduced a Turing-complete virtual machine, enabling developers to create and execute programmable contracts without intermediaries, commonly referred to as smart contracts. Ethereum has undergone significant upgrades, including its transition to Ethereum 2.0 via the Merge, which replaced its original Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism with Proof-of-Stake (PoS) to improve energy efficiency and scalability (more details on consensus under Section H.04). Its code has been audited several times. Ethereum's native cryptocurrency, Ether (ETH), serves as the primary medium of exchange within the network. It is used to pay transaction fees (gas), incentivize validators, and participate in governance and staking. Ethereum operates with a layered architecture that separates different functions for modularity and scalability: - Execution Layer (Ethereum Virtual Machine - EVM): The EVM is the computational layer that processes smart contract execution and dApp interactions. It enables Turing-complete pro-gramming, allowing developers to write and deploy complex applications using languages like Solidity and Vyper - Consensus Layer (Beacon Chain): The Beacon Chain handles validator coordination, staking, and the consensus mechanism implementation. It ensures security and finality for transac-tions processed by the Execution Layer. - (Optional) Data Availability & Scalability Solutions (Rollups & Sharding): Rollups (Optimistic & ZK-Rollups) can be used to offload computation from the main Ethereum chain while retaining security; Sharding (Future Upgrade) is planned to be implemented to divide network opera-tions across multiple smaller chains (shards) to enhance scalability. For more details, visit Ethereum's official documentation and repositories: - Ethereum Company: https://ethereum.org - Ethereum Developer Resources: https://ethereum.org/en/developers/ - Ethereum GitHub Repositories: https://github.com/ethereum About the Network The Token will be foremostly transacted on the Network despite being issued on Ethereum. Because the Network is a permissionless Layer 2 blockchain built relying on Ethereum, under sections H.02 to H.05, explanations focus on Ethereum. |
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| H.2 Protocols and technical standards | text | -Network Protocol: The Token serves as gas and may be transacted on the Network: the To-ken is governed by Network rules in such context. -Ethereum Protocol: the Token was natively issued on Ethereum and is subject to its ERC-20 issuance standard. - Other smart contracts: The Token may be used by applications deployed on Ethereum and the Network. Its usage in such context is thus also governed by the relevant smart contracts constituting such applications. - Other technology provided by third party providers, and providing, amongst other, wallets, bridges, oracles and alike. -Partner integrations with the Network rely on APIs. |
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| H.3 Technology used | textBlock | Holding and Storing: No additional technology is required to hold Tokens, as they remain on Ethere-um in accordance with its standard operation; however, users may choose to utilize additional technol-ogies such as specific wallets, incl. multi-signature wallets, cold storage solutions, or other storage and security products and services. |
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| H.4 Consensus mechanism | text | - The consensus mechanism of Ethereum is a PoS (proof-of-stake) system known as the Bea-con Chain, which coordinates the network by selecting validators who propose and validate new blocks. Validators are chosen based on the amount of ETH they have staked, rather than computational power, significantly reducing Ethereum's energy consumption by over 99% compared to PoW. - Ethereum has over 1 million validators as of date of writing. - Key features of Ethereum's PoS system: (i)Validators and Staking: Participants must stake at least 32 ETH to become a validator, securing the network while earning staking rewards. Smaller ETH holders can partici-pate via staking pools. (ii)Epochs and Slots: Ethereum's PoS mechanism divides time into epochs and slots, en-suring an orderly block validation process and (iii) Slashing Mechanism: Validators who engage in dishonest behavior risk losing a portion of their staked ETH as a penalty. |
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| H.5 Incentive mechanisms and applicable fees | text | The EIP-1559 upgrade introduced a base fee model to improve fee predictability and burn a portion of transaction fees, reducing ETH inflation. As a result, the key fee components are the following: ▪ Base Fee: Minimum amount burned per transaction, adjusting dynamically based on network demand. As a result, ETH has periodically become deflationary when network activity is high, as more ETH is burned than issued, reducing overall supply. ▪ Priority Fee (Tip): Optional fee paid to incentivize faster transaction processing. ▪ Max Fee: Maximum gas price a user is willing to pay, ensuring cost control. Trading Plat-forms may besides charge service fees in accordance with their own policies. |
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| H.6 Use of distributed ledger technology | boolean | ||||
| H.7 DLT functionality description | textBlock | ||||
| Other token audit details | |||||
| H.8 Audit | boolean | ||||
| H.9 Audit outcome | textBlock | The Company obtained the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 certification for its Information Security Management System, following an independent audit by an accredited certification body. This certification confirms that the Company maintains a formally structured and continuously monitored framework for infor-mation-security risk management, covering relevant policies, processes, systems, and controls used in the development and operation of its technological infrastructure. The certification demonstrates ad-herence to internationally recognized standards for information security, thereby supporting the reliabil-ity and operational resilience of the technical support services provided to the Network. Additionally, the Polygon's Bug Bounty Program has been active on Immunefi and HackerOne since 2021. On Immunefi specifically it is the first program by Total Rewards Paid to security researchers with more than USD 7 million paid out to date. For more information please vis-it: https://immunefi.com/bug-bounty/polygon/information/ Following best practices, the Company makes all smart contract code publicly available. This transpar-ency allows independent security researchers to assess the code for potential vulnerabilities. |
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| Part I - Information on risks | |||||
| I.1 Offer-related risks | textBlock | - General Contractual and Counterparty Risk: The Company neither operates nor controls, oversees, or manages the functioning of crypto-asset services providers as defined under MiCAR ("CASP") operating within the EU /EEA and Trading Platforms where the Token will be admitted for trading or listed. When Token holders buy or sell the Token on Trading Platforms, the Company is not a con-tractual party to these transactions. As a result, (i)any legal relationship between Token holders and the Exchange is governed solely by the terms and conditions set by each Exchange at its discretion. (ii)The Company assumes no responsibility or liability for the operations, services, securi-ty, performance, or any outcomes—whether financial or technical—arising from trans-actions conducted on these Trading Platforms. (iii)The Company provides no assurances regarding any Exchange itself and assumes no responsibility or liability for any regulatory, compliance, operational, financial, technical, or reputational failures that may adversely affect its activities. This includes, but is not limited to, circumstances where such failures result in disruptions, restrictions on trad-ing, or the Exchange halting or ceasing its operations entirely, due to sanctions, bank-ruptcy or alike. The foregoing may result in substantial or even total losses for the To-ken holder. -Pausing and Delisting Risk: The Company cannot guarantee that the Token will remain listed or tradeable on any Trading Platforms. Delisting (or the temporary pausing of such list-ing) could significantly hinder the ability of Token holders to buy, sell, or otherwise transact in Tokens. In the event of delisting, Token holders may face challenges in finding alternative markets or counterparties willing to trade Tokens, which could adversely impact the Token's liquidity and market value. Delisting could also negatively impact the price of the Token, due to modified demand for the Token and/or reputational impact. - Trading Risk: The Company does not control the secondary markets. There can be no as-surance as to the secondary market (if any) in the Tokens, and specifically: (i) it cannot guarantee the depth, stability, or sustainability of any secondary market for Tokens. Limited market depth or trading activity may result in reduced liquidity, in-creased price volatility, and challenges in buying or selling Tokens at desired prices; and (ii) it cannot guarantee the healthy and consistent availability of buying or selling opportu-nities for Tokens or the integrity of their market price. Trading activity may be affected by manipulative practices such as wash trading, front-running, and similar schemes. While Trading Platforms are subject to varying regulatory frameworks that may or may not prohibit such practices and impose oversight to detect and deter them, the Com-pany assumes no responsibility or liability for their effective prevention or enforcement. - Unsolicited Admission to Trading Risk: Third parties can elect to support Tokens on their Trading Platforms without any request nor authorization or approval by the Company or any-one else. Token listing, or any further integration, by any third-party does not imply any en-dorsement by the Company that such third-party services are valid, legal, stable or otherwise appropriate. - Operational and Technical Risk: Trading Platforms operate interfaces that allow users to trade crypto-assets for fiat currencies, such as U.S. Dollars and Euros, or other crypto-assets. The reliance on the Exchange's internal system for asset storage and transfer adds an additional layer of counterparty risk, as users are exposed to potential operational, tech-nical, or human errors during these processes. As a result, the Company assumes no re-sponsibility or liability for any losses arising from these risks. (i)Trades on these Trading Platforms are executed based on a centralized matching algo-rithm and are often recorded off-chain, meaning they are not directly related to trans-parent on-chain transfers of crypto-assets, and could dissimulate detrimental trade matching or rogue practices. The traded assets are recorded solely on the Exchange's internal ledger, with each internal ledger entry corresponding to an offsetting trade in-volving either government currency or another crypto asset. (ii)Additionally, funds deposited by users for trading may be co-mingled by the Trading Platforms, rather than stored in unique wallet addresses for each user. This practice results in the centralization of a large volume of assets in a single location, which in turn increases the potential risk of damage or theft, particularly in the event of a hack or security breach. (iii)Furthermore, users who wish to trade or withdraw their Tokens must deposit them into the Exchange, increasing the risk of loss in the event of a failure of the deposit or with-drawal processes set up by the Exchange. -Unanticipated Risks: In addition to the risks outlined in this Section, unforeseen risks may arise. Additionally, new risks could emerge as unexpected variations or combinations of the risks discussed in these Sections I.1 to I.5 |
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| I.2 Issuer-related risks | textBlock | - Legal and Regulatory Compliance Risk: Crypto assets and blockchain-based technologies are subject to evolving regulatory landscapes worldwide. Regulations vary across jurisdictions and may be subject to significant changes. This could lead to changes with respect to trading of the Token and increase the Company and Issuer's costs and/or obligations in admitting the Token for trading. Changes in laws or regulations may negatively impact the value, legality, or functionality of the Token. Non-compliance can result in investigations, enforcement actions, penalties, fines, sanctions, or the prohibition of the trading of the Token impacting its viability and market acceptance. The Company and Issuer could also be subject to private litigation. - Reputational Risk: The Company and Issuer face the risk of negative publicity, whether due, without limitation, to operational failures, security breaches, or illicit activities, all of which can damage the Company/Issuer's reputation and, by extension, the value and acceptance of the Token. - Key Individuals Risk: The success of a crypto project can be highly dependent on the ex-pertise and leadership of key individuals. Loss or changes in the Company and Issuer's lead-ership could lead to disruptions, loss of trust, or project failure. - Internal Control Risk: Any failure by the Company and Issuer to develop or maintain effec-tive internal controls or any difficulties encountered in the implementation of such controls, or their improvement could harm it, causing the issuer to have to report such failures. Such fail-ures could lead to a loss of trust and further harm the business of the Company and Issuer, causing disruptions, financial losses, or reputational damage affecting the Token. Fraudulent activity or mismanagement by the Company and Issuer could directly impact the usability or value of the Token or damage the credibility of the Platform, Network and the Project at broad. - Unanticipated Risks: In addition to the risks outlined in this Section, unforeseen risks may arise. Additionally, new risks could emerge as unexpected variations or combinations of the risks discussed in these Sections I.1 to I.5. |
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| I.3 Other tokens-related risks | textBlock | - Market Risk: Crypto assets, including Tokens, are highly volatile and can experience signifi-cant price swings in short periods, increasing the risk of sudden and substantial losses. Such valuation risk arises as the market value of a crypto asset may not always reflect its underly-ing utility or fundamentals and is subject to subjective assessment. Token holders are thus exposed to potential for losses due to the Token's (i) potential fluctuations in value, driven by various factors such as supply and demand dynamics, investor sentiment, and broader market trends, incl. changes in interest rates, general movements in local and international markets, technological advance-ments, regulatory changes, and media coverage. Notably, momentum pricing of crypto assets has previously resulted, and may continue to result, in speculation regarding fu-ture appreciation or depreciation in the value of such assets, further contributing to volatility and potentially inflating prices at any given time. (ii) liquidity risk, where a lack of depth in secondary markets – if any – or limited trading volumes can hinder the ability to execute trades at favorable prices, which could lead to significant losses, especially in fast-moving market conditions. As a result, holders of Tokens may experience challenges in managing their holdings, with the value of the asset subject to unpredictable fluctuations and potential depreciation. (iii) solvency and collateral risk, if the Token is used to finance further activities, especially in leveraged positions or as collateral for loans. Significant fluctuations in the value of the Token could adversely affect the solvency of its holder, particularly if the Token is pledged as collateral. A drastic decline in its value may trigger margin calls or automatic liquidations, which could further depress the Token's price, creating a negative feed-back loop. This volatility poses the risk of forced asset sales, potentially resulting in substantial losses for the holder and amplifying downward pressure on the market price of Tokens. - Custodial Risk. The method chosen to store Tokens, like any crypto-asset, carries inherent risks related to the security and management of the storage solution. The chosen storage method, whether hot or cold wallets, or centralized custody, can significantly impact the safe-ty, liquidity, and accessibility of Tokens, with direct consequences for the holder's ability to ac-cess, trade, or retain their assets. - Scam Risk. This is the risk of loss resulting from a scam or fraud suffered by Token holders from other malicious actors. These scams include, but are not limited to, phishing on social networks or by email, fake giveaways, identity theft, creation of fake Tokens, offering fake To-ken airdrops, among others. - Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Terrorism Financing Risk: This is the risk that crypto-asset wallets holding Token or transactions in Token may be used for money laundering or terrorist financing purposes or identified to a person known to have committed such offenses. There is thus a risk that a public address holding Tokens could be flagged in relation to Anti-Money Laundering or Counter-Terrorism Financing efforts. In such cases, receiving Tokens could result in the holder's address being flagged by relevant authorities, Trading Platforms, or other service providers, which may lead to restrictions on transactions or the freezing of assets. Consequently, holders of Tokens may face legal or regulatory challenges if their ad-dress becomes associated with illicit activities, impacting their ability to freely access, trade, or transfer their Tokens. - Taxation Risk: The taxation regime that applies to the trading of Tokens by either individual holders or legal entities will depend on each Token holder's jurisdiction. The Company cannot guarantee that the holding of Tokens, the reception of the Token, conversions of fiat currency against Tokens, or conversions of other crypto assets against Tokens, will not incur tax con-sequences. It is the Token holder's sole responsibility to comply with all applicable tax laws, including, but not limited to, the reporting and payment of income tax, wealth tax or similar taxes arising in connection with the appreciation and depreciation of the Token. - Market Abuse Risk: The market for crypto assets is rapidly evolving, spanning local, nation-al, and international networks with an expanding range of assets and participants. Any market abuse, along with a potential loss of confidence among holders, could adversely impact the value and stability of Tokens, and by extension the trading conditions on the Trading Plat-forms. Notably, (i) significant trading activity may take place on systems and networks with limited over-sight and predictability. Sudden and rapid changes in the supply or demand of a crypto asset, particularly those with low market capitalization or low unit prices, can result in extreme price volatility. (ii) the inherent characteristics of crypto assets and their underlying infrastructure may be exploited by certain market participants to engage in abusive trading practices such as front-running, spoofing, pump-and-dump schemes, and fraud across different net-works, systems, or jurisdictions. - Legal and Regulatory Risk: There is a lack of regulatory harmonization and cohesion global-ly, which results in diverging regulatory frameworks and possible further regulatory evolutions in the future. These could negatively impact on the value, utility, and overall viability of Tokens and, in extreme cases, force the Company to cease operations. Notably, (i) While Tokens do not create or confer any contractual or other obligations against any party, certain non-EU regulators may nevertheless classify them as securities, financial instruments, or payment instruments under their respective legal frameworks. Such classifications could impose specific regulatory constraints, leading to significant changes in how Tokens are structured, issued, purchased, or traded. (ii) Evolving regulations could substantially increase the Company's compliance costs and operational burdens related to facilitating transactions in Tokens. (iii)New or restrictive regulations could result in the Token losing functionality, depreciating in value, or even becoming illegal or impossible to use, buy, or sell in certain jurisdic-tions. (iv)Regulators could take enforcement action against the Company if they determine that the Token constitutes a regulated instrument or that the Company's activities violate existing laws. Such actions could expose the Company, its affiliates, directors, and of-ficers to legal and financial penalties, including civil and criminal liability. -Unanticipated Risks: In addition to the risks outlined in this Section, unforeseen risks may arise. Additionally, new risks could emerge such as unexpected variations or combinations of the risks discussed in these Sections I.1 to I.5. |
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| I.4 Project implementation-related risks | textBlock | - Decentralized Governance and Network Change Risk: The Network is subject to decen-tralized, on-chain validation and decision-making. This could result in material changes to the Network's goals, priorities, or operating methods. While such evolution can promote innova-tion and strengthen adaptability, it also presents certain risks, such as alterations in the value proposition over time. - Novel Ecosystem Risk: The Token holder understands and acknowledges that the Polygon ecosystem, as evolving around the Network, is built on emerging and rapidly evolving tech-nologies, which inherently carry significant risks. The underlying software, blockchain infra-structure, smart contracts, and related technologies are still in their early stages of develop-ment, meaning there is no guarantee that the process of receiving, using, or holding Tokens will be uninterrupted or error-free. As with any novel technology stack, there is an inherent risk that the underlying blockchain, smart contracts, or associated components may contain weaknesses, vulnerabilities, or bugs, despite audits being conducted. Such issues could lead to unintended behaviors, security breaches, or critical failures, potentially resulting in the par-tial or complete loss of Tokens or their functionality. Additionally, unforeseen technical limita-tions, incompatibilities, or the emergence of superior alternatives could further impact the stability, security, and long-term viability of the Polygon ecosystem. - Industry and Competition Risk: The project is and will be subject to all the risks and uncer-tainties associated with any new venture, visionary projects, including the risk that the project cannot be realized in line with its original purpose or vision about the Network. Other projects may have the same or a similar vision as the project. There are several other crypto-assets and projects, and new competitors may enter the market at any time. The effect of new or additional competition on the Token or its market price cannot be predicted or quantified. Competitors may have significantly greater financial and legal resources than the project and there is no guarantee that the project will be able to compete successfully, or at all, with such competitors. Moreover, increased competition may severely impact on the profitability and creditworthiness of the project and involved entities. - Dependency/Withdrawing Partners Risk: The Polygon Technology itself relies on third-party technologies, infrastructures, and protocols, which could impact its functionality, securi-ty, and long-term sustainability. Such is specifically the case of Embedded Applications. Loss or changes in the key partners providing such technologies can lead to disruptions, loss of trust, or project failure. Any disruptions, vulnerabilities, regulatory scrutiny, or changes in op-eration of third-party technologies (such as modifications to its mechanisms, governance, or economic incentives) could directly affect the usability and security of the Polygon Technolo-gy, which may result in a negative effect for the Tokens. If the third-party technologies experi-ence technical failures, security breaches, or regulatory intervention, it could severely impact the stability and performance of Polygon Technology, potentially limiting its intended function-ality and value. This reliance on external infrastructure increases systemic risk, as unforeseen issues in third-party protocols could cascade into disruption within the Token ecosystem. - Withdrawing Partners Risk: This is the risk that the Company faces in its business relation-ships with one or more third parties. The implementation of the project depends strongly on the collaboration and functioning of services provided by several third parties and other cru-cial partners. The Company thus cannot guarantee that the project and related Polygon Technology will be successfully developed further.- E265Unanticipated Risks: In addition to the risks outlined in this Section, unforeseen risks may arise. Additionally, new risks could emerge such as unexpected variations or combinations of the risks discussed in these Sections I.1 to I.5 |
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| I.5 Technology-related risks | textBlock | - General Cybercrime Risk: The Token holder acknowledges that, despite best efforts to en-hance security, the technological components supporting the Token, including its blockchain infrastructure, smart contracts, and wallets, may be vulnerable to cyberattacks. Malicious ac-tors may exploit software vulnerabilities, attack consensus mechanisms, or compromise pri-vate keys to gain unauthorized access to Tokens. Risks include hacking attempts on the Pro-tocol, smart contract exploits, phishing attacks, malware infections, and other forms of cyber-crime that could result in the theft, loss, or unauthorized transfer of Tokens. Since digital as-sets exist entirely in a technological environment, they are inherently exposed to evolving cyber threats, some of which may be undetectable or irreparable until after significant dam-age has occurred. - Blockchain-Level Risk: The Token holder understands and accepts that, as with other blockchains, the blockchain used for the issuance of the Tokens could be susceptible to con-sensus-related attacks, including but not limited to double-spend attacks, majority validation power attacks, censorship attacks, and byzantine behavior in the consensus algorithm or be subject to forks. Any successful attack or fork presents a risk to the Token, the expected proper execution and sequencing of Token -transactions and the expected proper execution and sequencing of contract computations as well as the Token balances in the wallet of the Token holders. - Smart Contract-Level Risk: The issuance and transfers of Tokens rely on smart contracts deployed on a blockchain network, which introduce specific technical and security risks. (i) Smart contracts are self-executing, meaning any vulnerabilities, coding errors, or un-foreseen logic flaws in the issuance contract could result in unintended consequences, such as the incorrect distribution of Tokens, loss of funds, or permanent locking of To-kens. Additionally, smart contracts are exposed to potential exploits, including hacking attempts, reentrancy attacks, and other forms of malicious activity that could compro-mise the security of the issuance process. (ii) Once deployed, the smart contract governing the issuance of Tokens cannot be easily altered or corrected, meaning any discovered vulnerabilities may be difficult or impos-sible to fix without significant coordination, community approval, or even a network fork. Furthermore, changes to the underlying blockchain protocol, such as updates to consensus mechanisms, transaction processing rules, or gas fee structures, could af-fect the functionality or cost-efficiency of the issuance smart contract. These risks could lead to disruptions in Token issuance, security breaches, or a loss of confidence in the Polygon ecosystem, potentially impacting the Token's value and usability. - Application-Level Risk: It cannot be excluded that any technical failure, malfunction, or vulnerability within an application interacting with Tokens could directly or indirectly impact the value of the Token. (i) An application could be subject to critical exploits, such as reentrancy attacks, logic er-rors, or oracle manipulation, which could lead to unintended Token transfers, assets being drained from the system, or Tokens being irretrievably lost. Fixing such issues may require significant coordination, governance approval, or even disruptive measures such as protocol migrations or forks, none of which are guaranteed to be successful. (ii) Because the Token's value is inherently tied to its functionality, any security breach could have cascading effects, including depreciation of the Token's value, reduced market confidence, and potential loss of funds for Token holders. - Finality or Irrevocability of Transactions: There is a risk that transactions may be irre-versible, depending on the tools and service providers used to initiate them. Access to and any claim on such transactions could be lost indefinitely or permanently. For example, this could occur if (i) a blockchain address is entered incorrectly and the true owner is never iden-tified, (ii) the private key associated with the address is lost, (iii) the address belongs to an entity that will not return the crypto asset, or (iv) the address belongs to an entity that may return the asset but requires additional actions, such as identity verification. - Unanticipated Risks: In addition to the risks outlined in this Section, unforeseen risks may arise. Additionally, new risks could emerge such as unexpected variations or combinations of the risks discussed in these Sections I.1 to I.5 |
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| I.6 Mitigation measures | textBlock | To further reduce exposure to these risks, prospective Token holders should adopt appropriate safeguards based on their chosen custody method and remain vigilant by actively monitoring publicly available news and market signals, enabling them to respond swiftly to significant developments which may result in the materialization of specific risks. |
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| Part J - Information on the sustainability indicators in relation to adverse impact on the climate and other environment-related adverse impacts | |||||
| J.1 Adverse impacts on climate and other environment-related adverse impacts | textBlock | Based on an annual forecast of over 1 million transactions and acknowledging that these estimates are forward-looking and may prove inaccurate, the total yearly energy consumption of the Token on the Network is estimated to be less than 500,000 kWh. In any scenario, it is not expected to exceed this threshold. |
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| Mandatory information on principal adverse impacts on the climate and other environment-related adverse impacts of the consensus mechanism | |||||
| General information about adverse impacts | |||||
| S.1 Name | text | ||||
| S.2 Relevant legal entity identifier | text | ||||
| S.3 Name of the crypto-asset | text | ||||
| S.4 Consensus mechanism | text | ||||
| S.5 Incentive mechanisms and applicable fees | text | ||||
| S.6 Beginning of period to which disclosed information relates | date | ||||
| S.7 End of period to which disclosed information relates | date | ||||
| Mandatory key indicator | |||||
| S.8 Energy consumption | energy (kWh) | ||||
| Sources and methodologies | |||||
| S.9 Energy consumption sources and methodologies | textBlock | The estimate did not account for any offsetting of energy consumption or other market-based mechanism as of the date of this estimation. Sources and Methodology: Estimates follow the Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (CCRI) and Cambridge DLT Sustainability Framework, applying standard parameters for node-level power × count × uptime. |
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| Supplementary information on principal adverse impacts on climate and other environment-related adverse impacts of consensus mechanism | |||||
| Supplementary key indicators | |||||
| S.10 Renewable energy consumption | percent | ||||
| S.11 Energy intensity | energy (kWh) | ||||
| S.12 Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions - controlled | GHG emissions (tCO2e) | ||||
| S.13 Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions - purchased | GHG emissions (tCO2e) | ||||
| S.14 GHG intensity | GHG emissions (tCO2e) | ||||
| Sources and methodologies | |||||
| S.15 Key energy sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||
| S.16 Key GHG sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||
| Optional information on principal adverse impacts on the climate and on other environment-related adverse impacts of the consensus mechanism | |||||
| Optional indicators | |||||
| S. 17 Energy mix | percent | ||||
| S.18 Energy use reduction | |||||
| Energy use reduction target (absolute value) | energy (kWh) | ||||
| Energy use reduction target (percentage) | percent | ||||
| S.19 Carbon intensity (kgCO2e/kWh) | decimal | ||||
| S.20 Scope 3 DLT GHG emissions - value chain | GHG emissions (tCO2e) | ||||
| S.21 GHG emissions reduction targets or commitments | textBlock | ||||
| S.22 Generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) | mass (tonnes) | ||||
| S.23 Non-recycled WEEE ratio | percent | ||||
| S.24 Generation of hazardous waste | mass (tonnes) | ||||
| S.25 Generation of waste (all types) | mass (tonnes) | ||||
| S.26 Non-recycled waste ratio (all types) | percent | ||||
| S.27 Waste intensity (all types) | mass (tonnes) | ||||
| S.28 Waste reduction targets or commitments (all types) | textBlock | ||||
| S.29 Impact of use of equipment on natural resources | textBlock | ||||
| S.30 Natural resources use reduction targets or commitments | textBlock | ||||
| S.31 Water use | volume (m3) | ||||
| S.32 Non recycled water ratio | percent | ||||
| Sources and methodologies | |||||
| S.33 Other energy sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||
| S.34 Other GHG sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||
| S.35 Waste sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||
| S.36 Natural resources sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||